Arthrodesis

What is Arthrodesis?

Arthrodesis, commonly called joint fusion, is a surgical procedure to treat severe joint pain and instability. This treatment involves fusing the bones in a joint to create a single, solid bone, eliminating movement and reducing pain. Arthrodesis is commonly performed on joints such as the ankle, wrist, spine, and fingers.

This procedure is typically recommended for patients with advanced arthritis, joint infections, or severe trauma where other treatments, such as joint replacement, are not viable. The benefits include significant pain relief and improved joint stability, allowing patients to regain mobility and participate in daily activities more easily.

How Arthrodesis Works

Arthrodesis involves the following steps:

Preparation: The joint is accessed via an incision, and the damaged cartilage is removed to prepare the bones for fusion.

Bone Fusion: Bone grafts, taken from the patient or a donor, may be used to facilitate the fusion process.

Stabilisation: Screws, plates, or rods are used to hold the bones in place while they fuse together.

The surgery is performed under general or regional anaesthesia and typically takes 1-3 hours, depending on the treated joint. During recovery, patients can expect to wear a cast or brace to protect the fused joint.

What to Expect When Receiving Arthrodesis

Before:
‍You will undergo a pre-operative consultation, which may include imaging tests such as X-rays or CT scans to assess the joint.

Avoid smoking and certain medications as instructed by your surgeon.

During:
‍The surgery is performed under anaesthesia, and you may need to stay in the hospital for 1-2 days.

After:
‍Recovery involves wearing a cast or brace for several weeks to ensure proper healing. Physical therapy may be recommended to regain strength and mobility in surrounding areas.

Risks and Complications of Arthrodesis

While arthrodesis is generally safe, potential risks include:

• Infection
• Blood clots
• Nerve damage
• Non-union or delayed fusion of the bones

Patients should closely follow post-operative care instructions to minimise complications and recover successfully.

How to Recover Following Arthrodesis

• Immediate Post-Surgery: Rest and elevate the treated limb to reduce swelling. Take prescribed pain medication as directed.
• Rehabilitation: Gradual weight-bearing and physical therapy will help restore strength and mobility to the surrounding muscles and joints.
• Long-Term Care: Follow-up appointments are essential to monitor healing. Avoid high-impact activities that may stress the fused joint.

If you experience persistent pain, swelling, or signs of infection, contact your healthcare provider immediately.

References

NHS: Surgery Overview

British Orthopaedic Association Guidelines

Arthritis Research UK