Knee Replacement

What is Knee Replacement?

Knee replacement surgery, or knee arthroplasty, is a procedure to relieve pain and restore function in severely damaged knee joints. This surgery involves removing damaged cartilage and bone from the knee joint, replacing them with artificial metal, plastic, or ceramic components. These mimic the function of a healthy joint, enabling improved movement and reduced pain.

Knee replacement is recommended for patients suffering from advanced osteoarthritis, rheumatoid arthritis, or post-traumatic arthritis, where non-surgical treatments such as medications and physical therapy have failed. The benefits include enhanced mobility, significant pain relief, and an improved quality of life.

How Knee Replacement Works

Knee replacement surgery typically involves the following steps:

Preparation: The patient is positioned under general or regional anaesthesia, and the knee is sterilised to prevent infection.

Damaged Tissue Removal: The surgeon removes the damaged cartilage and bone from the joint.

Implant Placement: Artificial components (prostheses) are precisely fitted to replace the removed structures.

Stabilisation: The new joint is tested for proper alignment and functionality before being secured.

The procedure takes approximately 1-2 hours, and most patients stay in the hospital for 1-3 days post-surgery.

What to Expect When Receiving Knee Replacement

Before:
‍Pre-operative consultations include imaging tests, such as X-rays or MRIs, to assess the extent of joint damage.

Patients may be advised to stop smoking, adjust medications, and follow a specific diet plan.

During:
‍The surgery is performed under anaesthesia, with constant monitoring to ensure safety.

The patient may need to remain in the hospital for a few days for observation and initial recovery.

After:
‍Recovery involves a tailored rehabilitation plan, including physiotherapy to improve strength and range of motion. Pain management and wound care are essential during this phase.

Risks and Complications of Knee Replacement

While knee replacement surgery has a high success rate, potential risks include:

Infection

• Blood clots
• Loosening or wear of the prosthetic joint
• Stiffness or reduced range of motion

Patients are advised to follow post-operative care instructions carefully and attend regular follow-ups to minimise risks.

How to Recover Following Knee Replacement

Immediate Post-Surgery: Rest and ice the knee to reduce swelling. As soon as possible, begin the prescribed physiotherapy exercises.

Rehabilitation: Engage in a structured physiotherapy programme to regain strength, flexibility, and balance.

Long-Term Care: To prolong the life of the prosthesis, avoid high-impact activities. Maintain a healthy weight to reduce stress on the joint.

If you experience unusual pain, redness, or swelling, seek medical advice promptly.

References

NHS: Knee Replacement Overview

Versus Arthritis: Knee Replacement

British Orthopaedic Association Guidelines